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Picture of Steve VannPest Crew
Diseases - Dr. Stephen Vann

Link to Ask a Question about diseases

Question  I woke up one morning in August to notice a bunch of gray-green colored mushrooms growing in my bermudagrass lawn. These big things seemed to just appear in my yard overnight and after looking a bit closer, I noticed that they were growing either in a big circle or an arc. They were scattered over a big area in my back yard. The grass does not appear to be dying. Where did these things come from and will they hurt my grass? (Steve in Little Rock).

Answer  These mushrooms that you saw are probably the result of a lawn problem called "Fairy Ring". Many types of fungal microorganisms can cause fairy ring. These microorganisms live in the thatch layer and soil and send up a mushroom when they reach a certain stage of growth. These mushrooms often appear during the summer or fall and produce spores that enable the fungus to spread to other locations, usually by wind or splashing water. The spores are released from the mushroom and sometimes appear as a "brown powder". Some of these mushrooms are poisonous. The microorganisms that cause are often associated with decaying wood that is buried in the soil. This wood may be an old tree stump or even old building materials that were buried in the soil. Fairy rings are mostly cosmetic in the home lawn, but can have a significant impact on the golf course. Homeowners should just mow these mushrooms off or physically remove them as soon as they are seen, since they can be poisonous to pets or children. For additional information refer to Extension Fact Sheet FSA7539.

Question  My Beefsteak tomatoes have developed a dark brown to black rotted area on the fruit. This dark area looks like it starts on the bottoms of most of the tomatoes on the plants. The leaves look fine; it is just the tomato itself that looks bad. The plants are getting 6-8 hours of sunlight and are growing in a garden spot that I have had for the past 5 years. I water early in the morning to keep the leaves dry. Every one of my eight plants is doing this. Is this a disease? (Susie in Fayetteville).

Answer  This dark area that has developed on the bottoms of the fruit sounds very much like a disorder called blossom end rot (BER). This is not an infectious plant disease, but rather a nutrient problem- probably a lack of calcium in the soil. This can be corrected by adding something like lime to the soil to correct the pH. Ideally, lime should be added before planting and based on a recent soil test. Sometimes BER is associated with extreme moisture fluctuations in the soil in conjunction with the calcium deficiency. Calcium can also be added after the plants are producing. Several calcium products are available at many garden centers that can be sprayed on the plants and are absorbed to correct the imbalance. It is always a good idea to have a soil test done before planting your tomatoes and other vegetables, making sure that the pH is within an optimum range- usually around 6.5 to 7.0. Contact your local county Extension office to see about having your soil tested.


Useful Information

Publications

FSA6112 Leaf Spot of Redtip Photinia
FSA6113 Powdery Mildew of Landscape Ornamentals
FSA6114 Submitting Plant Samples for Disease Diagnosis
FSA7525 Daylily Rust
FSA7527 Rhizoctonia Large Patch Disease of Zoysiagrass and Bermudagrass
FSA7528 Gray Mold - A Silent Strawberry Nemesis
FSA7529 Control Root-Knot Nematodes in Your Garden
FSA7530 Black Spot of Rose
FSA7533 Anthracnose Diseases of Common Landscape Trees
FSA7534 Fire Blight of Ornamental Pear
FSA7535 Leaf Blister of Oak
FSA7536 Branch Canker and Dieback of Leyland Cypress
FSA7537 Slime Molds - Landscape Curiosities
FSA7538 Cedar-Apple Rust
FSA7539 Fairy Ring of Turfgrass
FSA7540 Home Pecan Diseases and Control
FSA7541 Dollar Spot of Turfgrass in the Home Landscape
FSA7542 Grey Mold of Greenhouse Ornamentals
FSA7545 Stem Rot of Annual Vinca
FSA7546 Azalea Leaf and Flower Gall
FSA7548 Hosta Virus
FSA7551 Bermudagrass Spring Dead Spot
FSA7552 Wetwood of Shade Trees
FSA7553 Algal Leaf Spot of Magnolia
FSA7554 Lichens of Woody Ornamentals
FSA7555 Sooty Mold of Woody Ornamentals
FSA7556 Black Rot of Grapes
FSA7557 Hypoxylon Canker of Hardwood Shade Trees
FSA7558 Brown Patch on Tall Fescue
FSA7559 Rust of Arkansas Turfgrasses
FSA7560 Take-All Root Rot of Warm Season Turfgrass
FSA7561 Sapsucker Damage on Woody Plants
FSA7562 Alternative Plant Disease Management Practices for the Home Garden
FSA7563 Management of Important Blackberry Diseases in Arkansas
FSA7564 Anthracnose Diseases of Dogwood
FSA7565 Pythium Diseases of Turfgrass
MP154 Arkansas Plant Disease Control Products Guide

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University of Arkansas
Division of Agriculture
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Last Date Modified 10/22/2009
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University of Arkansas • Division of Agriculture
Cooperative Extension Service
2301 South University Avenue
Little Rock, Arkansas 72204 • USA
Phone (501) 671-2000 • Fax (501) 671-2209
 

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