Arkansas Agriculture Newsletters
Arkansas Re-leaf
Volume 4, Number 4 - October 2003
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Jim's Corner •
Research Update •
What's Up? •
New Fact Sheet •
Upcoming Events
Jim's Corner
When I started this newsletter four years ago, a colleague said, "Don't do
it, you will not enjoy keeping up with a regular newsletter schedule." Just the
opposite has happened for me. I have more "stuff" to share with you than I am
allowed newsletter pages. This issue is no exception. I returned from the
semi-annual turf field day at Fayetteville so excited about what my turf
colleagues are doing (see Research Update) that I almost produced an additional
issue this year just to highlight their efforts.
Summer
is always a busy time of the year for me to travel out-of-state to meetings. In
July, I attended a woody germplasm meeting in Boston that was in conjunction
with the annual ANLA meeting. Several stops on the pre-meeting tours made the
trip very worthwhile. I saw three great new ideas at Cavicchio's in Sudbury, MA
http://www.cavicchio.com. Cavicchio's does it all. They are a nursery,
greenhouse and re-wholesaler. Their entire delivery fleet uses converted, used,
beverage trucks. The side loading makes it easy for loading and unloading.
Shelving braces are adjustable so you can accommodate crops of different
heights. This would obviously not work well if you deliver crops staged on
rolling carts.
The
next "good idea" I viewed at Cavicchio's would mainly benefit larger growers. A
big push these days is to find ways to save labor, and a big labor issue is the
manual labor involved in moving individual containers. Cavicchio's
designed
a simple system of forks that they attach to the front of various tractors to
load and unload large numbers of containers. Manual labor is still required to
space the containers. They went so far as to have equipment manufacturer Javo
design a custom loader at the end of their potting line so carts/trailers are
filled by a machine using the same forks.
I should tell you that later that evening at the ANLA reception a company
previewed a prototype container spacing machine that was based on the Carnegie
Mellon University Robotics Institute research (http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/container/).
The Carnegie Mellon research project, which cost hundreds of thousands of
dollars, doesn't impress me one bit.
The tour group was also very impressed with the point-of-sale (POS) system
that Cavicchio had developed and uses to check-out wholesale customers FAST.
Each customer has a credit card with a bar code that is scanned as they enter
the wholesale yard. This starts a ticket for the customer indicating discounts,
etc. As items are scanned in the field by a hand-held scanner, the information
is transmitted by radio signal to the office computer. By the time the customer
reaches the office, their ticket is printed and ready for their signature.
The Southern Nursery Association meeting in Atlanta the first weekend offered
the usual benefits of an exceptional research conference followed by a great
trade show. I always benefit from simply driving around Atlanta to get ideas and
see what the "competition" is doing.
Later in August, I made my annual pilgrimage to Portland for the FarWest
trade show. This year my focus was on finding sources for Japanese maples, dwarf
conifers and liner suppliers. I saw an interesting concept at one nursery. They
were taking standard ‘Emerald' arborvitae that were 3 to 4 feet tall and
shearing away the foliage on the bottom two-thirds to produce a "ball on a
stick" faster than you could by other means. This method worked well with
‘Emerald' since it produces a single, central leader.
Although I did not attend, Janet Carson just raved about the Arkansas State
Florists Association annual convention in Hot Springs on August 16-17. According
to our statistics there are over 650 florists in Arkansas with an estimated
gross sales of $200 million!
The point of sharing these stories is to encourage folks to travel and get
involved at meetings. These are great opportunities to learn and exchange with
others in your respective industry.
Research Update
As I indicated in the introduction, I was very impressed with the research
that my turf colleagues are conducting. If you missed the Turf Field Day on
August 6, I will summarize some of the efforts by Drs. Doug Karcher, Mike
Richardson and John Boyd.
Cultivar Trials
First, let's talk about the cultivar trials. The UofA Turf Farm boasts
cultivar trials of tall fescue, bermudagrass and zoysiagrass selections. The
UofA participates in the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP:
http://www.ntep.org) for the above-mentioned grasses, and in 2004 will add
bentgrass varieties. This national evaluation program offers landscapers, sod
producers, lawn care companies, etc., a wealth of information. For example, you
can find specific trial information on 46 tall fescue selections evaluated at
Fayetteville at:
http://www.ntep.org/data/tf01/tf01_03-1/tf01ar102t.txt.
I guess what impressed me most was how the turf industry is shifting towards
seeded bermudagrass and zoysiagrass varieties. Of the 24 zoysiagrass varieties
being evaluated, 8 are seeded, and with bermudagrass, 29 of the 42 varieties are
seeded. While I do not feel vegetative production (e.g., sod, sprigs, plugs) of
warm season grasses is on the way out, I do feel seeded varieties will offer us
options down the road. The turf faculty are also working on an herbicide
protocol when establishing the warm season grasses from seed.
The turf variety plots at Fayetteville are a great place for you to get a
side-by-side comparison of turf varieties. In the case of zoysiagrass it was
interesting to view Dr. Richardson's comparison of coarse varieties such as
Crowne and Palisades versus soft-textured varieties such as Zorro and Emerald.
In the bermudagrass plots I think most everyone was impressed with the vibrant
color of the Aussie Green selection.
Seeded Bermudagrass Establishment
Across the southern U.S., bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) continues to be
the major turfgrass species for golf courses, sports fields and lawns. An
emerging trend is the use of seeded bermudagrass varieties for these
applications. Early seeded cultivars such as ‘Guymon,' ‘Sonesta' and ‘NuMex
Sahara' did not produce quality in the quality range of established vegetative
hybrids. Recent NTEP results suggest varieties such as ‘Princess' (fine-textured
like a hybrid), ‘Riviera' and ‘Yukon' are excellent for central and southern
Arkansas while ‘Riviera' and ‘Yukon' are better suited for the colder northern
counties. Although these new seeded cultivars should provide a quick, easy and
economical way to establishhigh-quality bermudagrass turf, several major hurdles
exist, including establishing weed control and the issue of cold hardiness,
especially during the establishment year.
|

Seeded Bermudagrass Establishment |
A fascinating trial is underway at Fayetteville to determine the optimum
seeding date that ensures survival over the first winter. Plots were established
in 2002 with seeding dates starting on May 10 and then at regular intervals
through October 10. Just looking at the plots revealed a fascinating story.
Establishment looked very good through seeding dates of August 1 which is nearly
a month later than what we normally recommend. Another surprising result was the
observed germination in fall-planted plots the following spring even though no
germination was observed in the fall.
The planting date study also offered another interesting finding. Although
preliminary, it would appear that sports field managers in Arkansas might
consider seeding bermudagrass in late winter or early spring rather than summer
to rejuvenate damaged sports turf. If the data bears out, this would allow
sports turf managers an opportunity to spread activities to a less active time
of the year.
Bermudagrass Renovation
Everyone knows what a challenge it is to kill existing bermudagrass turf if
you want to establish another turf species or develop landscape beds. Dr. Boyd
summarized research he is conducting on bermudagrass renovation and the results
are quite clear. To be most effective in killing established bermudagrass you
must use at least three applications of glyphosate. The herbicide applications
need to be made when regrowth occurs.
Zoysiagrass Hydroseeding
A study is underway at Quail Valley Grasses that is comparing traditional
sprigging techniques to hydro-mulching El Toro zoysiagrass sprigs or
hydro-sprigging. Results from this innovative research should be available next
year.
New Fact Sheet
Following after our Cooperative Extension Service fact sheets for the
Greenhouse Industry
and the
Nursery Industry, we have developed a fact sheet for the Landscape Industry
on "Sources
and References for the Landscape Industry" FSA6109.
What's Up?
What is the common theme that all of you share in the Green Industry? You are
in business! I just received the
Arkansas Small
Business Development Center (ASBDC) newsletter for September through
December. Listen to some of these great classes: "Designing Your Own Web Page,"
"Understanding Financial Statements," "Managing Cash Flow" and "The Use of
Census Information in Small Business."
On August 27 a group of university, extension and regulatory folks met in
Clarksville to discuss the emerging Japanese Beetle issue. The meeting was very
productive. We plan to get appropriate speakers at the ATA and AGIA meetings in
January and work on more educational efforts. The Cooperative Extension Service
has produced an excellent
fact sheet on the topic. Now that the Japanese beetle is here, turf and
ornamental businesses need to start planning how it will affect them.
Upcoming Events
October 3-4 - Middle Tennessee Nursery Association (MTNA) Horticultural Trade
Show. McMinnville Civic Center, McMinnville, TN. Contact: Ann Halcomb, MTNA
Executive Secretary, 931-668-7322; e-mail
mtna@blomand.net
http://www.mtna.com or
http://www.southeasternnursery.com/mtna
October 5-8 - IPPS Southern Region NA. San Antonio, TX. Contact: Dr. David L.
Morgan, 817-577-9272; e-mail
dleemorgan@msn.com or
http://www.ipps.org/Default.asp
October 10 - ISA Certification Exam in Little Rock. Contact ISA at
217-355-9411 or
http://www.isa-arbor.com
October 14 - Tree Care Workshop. Oklahoma Botanical Garden, Stillwater.
Keynote speaker: Dr. Gary Watson. Contact Mike Schnelle at 405-744-7361
October 30-November 3 - American Society of Landscape Architects. Ernest N.
Morial Convention Center, New Orleans, Louisiana. Contact: ASLA. 202-898-2444
http://www.asla.org
Nov. 5-9 - ALCA Green Industry Conf. and Expo. St. Louis, MO. Contact:
http://www.alca.org
January 4-6 - Western 2004: The Big Show. Hyatt Regency Crown Center, Kansas
City, MO. Contact: Western Nursery & Landscape Association; Mary Piatt;
816.233.1481; e-mail info@wnla.org
http://www.wnla.org/insidethewestern.htm
January 6-7 - Arkansas Turfgrass Association (ATA). Hot Springs Convention
Center Contact ATA at 501-224-4840 or
http://www.arkansasturf.org
January 23-24 - Arkansas Green Industry Association (AGIA). Hot Springs
Convention Center: Contact AGIA at 501-225-0029 or
http://www.argia.org
No endorsement is implied or discrimination intended for
firms or references included or excluded from this list.
By: Jim Robbins, Extension Specialist - Ornamental Horticulture
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